International students are increasingly choosing universities in Asia and Europe over those in the US and UK, according to a global university survey. The report highlights that visa restrictions and government policies are major barriers to recruitment. Studyportals, NAFSA, and Oxford Test of English conducted the survey, which covered 437 universities across 63 countries.

In the US, international student numbers fell by 13% between October and August compared to the same period last year. In the UK, the decline was even sharper, with a 19% drop in the same timeframe.

Both countries saw weaker demand for international students, while universities in Asia and Europe reported stronger growth in international enrolments. Canada and Australia also reported weaker demand for international students.

Processing delays, tougher screening, and changes to post-study work rules have led many students to defer or abandon their plans to study abroad. In the UK, for example, the government has shortened the period graduates can remain in the country to work or look for employment.

US institutions are particularly pessimistic about future international student numbers, with more than a third expecting further declines. This follows policies introduced under the Trump administration, which included expanding social media checks and revoking thousands of visas.

The survey was conducted before the November 3 midterm elections, adding to the uncertainty around future immigration and visa policies.